Shanghai Vithy wuxuu si guul leh u martigeliyay Shiinaha International Nickel & Cobalt Forum Forum 2024: Aragtida iyo Codsiyada Sifeynta

I.Hordhac

Warshadaha nikkel iyo cobalt waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah qaybta aan birta ahayn, oo la kulma koboc togan sannadihii u dambeeyay. Sida isbeddelada deegaanka, sida isbedelka cimiladu, u qaadanayaan marxaladda dhexe, nikkel wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa tignoolajiyada tamarta nadiifka ah, gaar ahaan baytariyada tamarta cusub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, warshadaha ayaa wajahaya caqabado dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan yaraanta gudaha ee kheyraadka nikkel iyo cobalt, isbeddelka qiimaha weyn ee suuqa nikkel iyo kobaltka, kordhinta tartanka ka dhex jira warshadaha, iyo baahsanaanta caqabadaha ganacsiga caalamiga ah.

 

Maanta, u gudubka tamarta kaarboon-yar ayaa noqotay diiradda caalamiga ah, iyada oo soo jiidatay dareenka sii kordhaya ee biraha muhiimka ah sida nikkel iyo kobalt. Maaddaama muuqaalka warshadaha nikkel iyo kobalt-ka caalamiga ahi uu si degdeg ah u kobcayo, saamaynta siyaasadaha dalalka Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika ku leeyihiin qaybta tamarta cusub ayaa sii muuqata. Shirka Caalamiga ah ee Nickel & Cobalt Industry Forum 2024 ayaa lagu qabtay Oktoobar 29 ilaa 31 ee Nanchang, Gobolka Jiangxi, Shiinaha. Golahani waxa uu rajeenayaa in kor loo qaado horumarka caafimaadka leh ee nidaamka leh ee warshadaha nikkel iyo cobalt ee caalamiga ah iyada oo loo marayo isgaadhsiin balaadhan iyo wada shaqayn inta lagu jiro dhacdada. Wada-hawlgalayaasha shirkan, Shanghai Vithy Filter System Co., Ltd. waxay ku faraxsan tahay inay wadaagaan fikradaha oo ay soo bandhigaan codsiyada sifeynta ee khuseeya warshadaha.

 

 

II. Aragtida laga helay Madasha Nickel iyo Cobalt

 

1.Nikel iyo Cobalt Lithium Insights

(1) Cobalt: Kor u kaca qiimaha naxaasta iyo nikkel ee dhawaanta ayaa horseeday in la kordhiyo maalgashiga iyo sii deynta awoodda, taas oo keentay in muddo gaaban la iibiyo alaabta ceeriin ee kobalt. Saadaasha qiimaha cobalt-ka ayaa ah mid liidata, waana in loo diyaar garoobaa sidii hoos loogu dhigi lahaa sanadaha soo socda. 2024, sahayda cobalt-ka caalamiga ah ayaa la filayaa in ay dhaafto baahida 43,000 oo tan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay in ka badan 50,000 oo tan sanadka 2025. Badeecadan xad dhaafka ah waxaa ugu horayn u horseeday kobaca awooda degdega ah ee dhinaca sahayda, oo ay kicisay kor u kaca qiimaha naxaasta iyo nikkel tan iyo 2020, kaas oo dhiirigeliyay mashaariicda horumarinta ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo. mashaariicda hydrometallurgical ee Indonesia. Sidaa darteed, kobalt-ka waxaa loo soo saaray si aad u fara badan oo ka soo baxa.

 

Isticmaalka Cobalt ayaa la filayaa inuu soo kabsado sanadka 2024, oo leh heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee 10.6%, ugu horrayn waxaa horseed u ah soo kabashada 3C (computer, isgaarsiinta, iyo elektiroonigga macaamiisha) iyo korodhka saamiga baytariyada ternary nikkel-cobalt. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kobaca ayaa la filayaa inuu hoos u dhaco 3.4% sanadka 2025 sababtoo ah isbeddelka dariiqa teknoolajiyada ee baytariyada baabuurta tamarta cusub, taasoo horseedaysa sahayda kobalt sulfate iyo natiijada khasaaraha shirkadaha. Farqiga qiimaha u dhexeeya milixyada macdan iyo kobaltka ayaa sii kordhaya, iyada oo wax soo saarka cobalt macdan ah ee gudaha uu si degdeg ah u kordhay ilaa 21,000 tan, 42,000 tan, iyo 60,000 tan 2023, 2024, iyo 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan, oo gaadhaya 75,000 tan. Wax-soo-saarka xad-dhaafka ah ayaa ka beddelaya milixda kobalt-ka oo u wareegaysa cobalt macdan, taas oo muujinaysa suurtagalnimada hoos u dhac kale oo qiimo mustaqbalka ah. Qodobbada muhiimka ah ee lagu daawado warshadaha cobalt waxaa ka mid ah saamaynta juqraafiga juqraafiyeed ee sahayda kheyraadka, carqaladaynta gaadiidka ee saameeya helitaanka alaabta ceeriin, joojinta wax soo saarka mashaariicda nikkel hydrometallurgical, iyo qiimaha cobalt hooseeya ee kicinaya isticmaalka. Farqiga qiimaha xad dhaafka ah ee u dhexeeya birta cobalt iyo kobalt sulfate ayaa la filayaa inay caadi noqoto, waxaana laga yaabaa in qiimaha cobalt hooseeya uu kor u qaado isticmaalka, gaar ahaan qaybaha sida degdega ah u koraya sida sirdoonka macmal, diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn, iyo robotics, taasoo soo jeedinaysa mustaqbal ifaya oo warshadaha cobalt ah.

 

 

(2)LithiumMuddada gaaban, lithium carbonate waxay la kulmi kartaa kor u kaca qiimaha sababtoo ah dareenka dhaqaalaha macroemic, laakiin guud ahaan awoodda kor u kaca ayaa xaddidan. Wax-soo-saarka kheyraadka lithium-ka caalamiga ah waxaa la saadaalinayaa inuu gaaro 1.38 milyan oo tan LCE sanadka 2024, koror 25% sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya, iyo 1.61 milyan oo tan LCE sanadka 2025, oo ah 11% koror. Afrika ayaa la filayaa inay ku biirto ku dhawaad ​​saddex-meelood meel kobaca korodhka ah ee sannadka 2024, iyada oo ay korodhay ku dhawaad ​​80,000 oo tan LCE. Gobol ahaan, macdanta lithium ee Australiya ayaa la saadaalinayaa inay soo saarto ilaa 444,000 tons LCE sanadka 2024, iyadoo korodhka 32,000 tan LCE, halka Afrika la filayo inay soo saarto ilaa 140,000 tan LCE sanadka 2024, oo laga yaabo inay gaadho 220,000 tons LCE ee koonfurta America. iyadoo heerka kobaca 20-25% laga filayo harooyinka milixda 2024-2025. Shiinaha, wax soo saarka kheyraadka lithium waxaa lagu qiyaasaa ku dhawaad ​​325,000 tan LCE sanadka 2024, koror 37% sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya, waxaana la filayaa inuu gaaro 415,000 tan LCE sanadka 2025, iyadoo kobaca uu hoos u dhacayo ilaa 28%. Marka la gaaro 2025, harooyinka milixdu waxay dhaafi karaan lithium mica oo ah isha ugu weyn ee sahayda lithium-ka ee dalka. Hadhaaga baahida saadka ayaa la filayaa in uu sii wado ballaarinta min 130,000 ton ilaa 200,000 tan ka dibna ilaa 250,000 oo tan LCE laga bilaabo 2023 ilaa 2025, iyada oo ay si weyn u yarayn doonto siyaadada la filayo 2027.

 

Qiimaha kheyraadka caalamiga ah ee lithium-ka ayaa loo kala qiimeeyay sida soo socota: harooyinka cusbada < miinada lithium-ka ee dibadda < macdanta mica gudaha < dib u warshadaynta. Xidhiidhka dhow ee ka dhexeeya qiimaha qashinka iyo qiimaha dhibcaha awgeed, kharashyadu waxay aad ugu tiirsan yihiin budada madow ee korka kaca ah iyo qiimaha batteriga la isticmaalo. Sannadka 2024, baahida milixda ee lithium-ka caalamiga ah ayaa la filayaa inay noqoto ku dhawaad ​​1.18-1.20 milyan oo tan LCE, oo leh qalooca kharashka u dhigma ee 76,000-80,000 yuan/ton. Qiimaha boqolleyda 80aad wuxuu ku dhow yahay 70,000 yuan/ton, oo ay ugu horreyso miinooyinka miinada ee heerka sare ah, macdanta lithium-ka Afrika, iyo qaar ka mid ah miinooyinka dibadda. Shirkadaha qaar ayaa hakiyay wax soo saarkooda sababo la xiriira qiimo dhimis, haddii qiimuhu uu kor u kaco 80,000 yuan, waxaa laga yaabaa in shirkadahani ay si degdeg ah u bilaabaan wax soo saarkooda, taasoo keenta cadaadiska saadka oo kordha. In kasta oo qaar ka mid ah mashaariicda kheyraadka lithium-ka ee dibedda ay si tartiib tartiib ah u socdaan sidii la filayey, isbeddelka guud ayaa weli ah mid balaadhinta joogtada ah, iyo xaaladda saadka adduunka ee xad-dhaafka ah lama beddelin, iyada oo alaabada gudaha ee sarreeya ay sii waddo inay xannibto awoodda dib-u-soo-celinta.

 

2. Aragtida Isgaadhsiinta Suuqa

Jadwalka wax-soo-saarka ee Noofambar ayaa dib loo eegay kor marka loo eego ciidaha Oktoobar ka dambeeya, iyada oo waxoogaa kala duwanaansho ah wax soo saarka warshadaha fosfooraska ee lithium iron. Hormoodka warshadeeyayaasha fosfooraska birta ee lithium waxay ilaaliyaan ka faa'iidaysiga awood sare, halka shirkadaha ternary ay arkeen hoos u dhac yar oo wax soo saar ah oo ku saabsan 15%. Iyada oo ay taasi jirto, iibinta lithium cobalt oxide iyo alaabooyinka kale ayaa dib u soo laabtay, amarradu ma muujin hoos u dhac weyn, taasoo keentay rajo guud oo rajo ah oo loo qabo soo-saareyaasha alaabada cathode ee gudaha bishii Nofembar.

 

Is-afgaradka suuqa ee xagga hoose ee qiimaha lithiumku waa ku dhawaad ​​65,000 yuan/ton, oo leh kala duwanaansho sare oo ah 85,000-100,000 yuan/ton. Awoodda hoose ee qiimaha lithium carbonate waxay u muuqataa mid xadidan. Marka qiimuhu hoos u dhaco, rabitaanka suuqa ee ah in uu gato badeecooyinka boosaska ah ayaa kordha. Isticmaalka bishiiba 70,000-80,000 oo tan iyo agabka dheeriga ah ee ku dhawaad ​​30,000 oo tan, joogitaanka ganacsato iyo ganacsato mustaqbalka oo badan ayaa sahlaysa in la dheefshiido lacagtan dheeraadka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, xaaladaha dhaqaale ee sare ee rajada leh, rajo xumo xad dhaaf ah lagama yaabo.

 

 

Daciifnimada dhawaantan ee nikkel waxaa loo aaneynayaa in kootada RKAB ee 2024 la isticmaali karo oo kaliya dhamaadka sanadka, iyo wixii kooto ah ee aan la isticmaalin aan loo gudbin karin sanadka soo socda. Dhamaadka Diisambar, sahayda macdanta nikkel ayaa la filayaa in la fududeeyo, laakiin mashaariicda cusub ee pyrometallurgical iyo hydrometallurgical ayaa iman doona online, taas oo adkeyneysa in la gaaro xaalad sahayda deggan. Marka lagu daro qiimayaasha LME oo ahaa kuwii ugu hooseeyay, qiimihii macdanta nikkelku may balaadhin sababtoo ah fududaynta sahayda, iyo qiimaha khidmadaha ayaa hoos u dhacaya.

 

Marka laga hadlayo gorgortanka qandaraasyada muddada-dheer ee sanadka soo socda, ee leh nikkel, kobalt, iyo qiimaha lithium dhammaan heerarka hooseeya, soosaarayaasha cathode guud ahaan waxay soo sheegaan faraqa u dhexeeya qiimo dhimista qandaraasyada muddada-dheer. Soosaarayaasha baytariyadu waxay sii wadaan inay ku soo rogaan "hawlaha aan la taaban karin" ee soo saarayaasha cathode, iyada oo la dhimay milixda lithium 90%, halka jawaab celinta soosaarayaasha milixda lithium ay muujinayso in qiimo dhimista ay aad ugu badan tahay 98-99%. Heerarkan qiimaha jaban ee dhammaystiran, hab-dhaqanka ciyaartoyga sare iyo kuwa hooseba waa kuwo deggan marka la barbar dhigo isla muddadaas sannadkii hore, iyada oo aan lahayn dulqaad badan. Tani waxay si gaar ah run ugu tahay nikkel iyo cobalt, halkaasoo saamiga isdhexgalka ee dhirta dhalaalidda nikkel ay sii kordheyso, iyo iibka dibadda ee MHP (Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate) ayaa ah mid aad u uruursan, taasoo siinaysa awood gorgortan oo muhiim ah. Qiimaha jaban ee hadda jira, alaab-qeybiyeyaasha sare ayaa dooranaya inaysan iibin, iyagoo tixgelinaya inay bilaabaan xigashada marka LME nikkel uu ka sarreeyo 16,000 yuan. Ganacsatada ayaa soo wariyay in qiimo dhimista MHP ee sanadka soo socda ay tahay 81, iyo soosaarayaasha nikkel sulfate-ka ayaa wali ku shaqeynaya khasaare. Sannadka 2024, qiimaha nikkel sulfate-ka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu sare u kaco sababtoo ah qiimaha alaabta ceeriin oo sarreeya (qashin iyo MHP).

 

3. Weecawda la filayo

Kobaca sanadka-sannadka ee baahida inta lagu jiro xilliga "Golden Sebtembar iyo Silver October" waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan u sarreynin "Golden March and Silver April" horraantii sanadkan, laakiin dhammaadka dabada ee xilliga ugu sarreeya ee Noofambar runtii waa mid sii dheer inta la filayo. Siyaasadda gudaha ee lagu beddelayo baabuur hore oo koronto ah oo lagu beddelayo kuwo cusub, oo ay weheliso amarada ka imanaya mashaariicda kaydinta baaxadda leh ee dibedda, ayaa bixisay taageero laba geesood ah oo loogu talagalay dhammaadka dabada ee baahida lithium carbonate, halka baahida lithium hydroxide ay weli tahay mid daciif ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taxaddar ayaa loo baahan yahay oo ku saabsan isbeddelada amarrada batariyada korontada ka dib bartamaha Noofambar.

 

 

Pilbara iyo MRL, oo ​​haysta qayb sare oo iibka suuqa xorta ah, ayaa soo saaray warbixintoodii Q3 2024, taas oo muujinaysa tallaabooyinka dhimista kharashka iyo hoos u dhigista hagida wax soo saarka. Waxa xiisaha lihi leh, Pilbara waxa ay qorshaynaysaa in ay xidho mashruuca Ngungaju 1-da Diseembar, iyada oo mudnaanta la siinayo horumarinta warshadda Pilgan. Intii lagu jiray wareeggii ugu dambeeyay ee qiimaha lithium-ka oo dhamaystiran laga bilaabo 2015 ilaa 2020, mashruuca Altura waxa la bilaabay Oktoobar 2018 waxana uu joojiyay shaqadii Oktoobar 2020 arrimo la xiriira qulqulka lacagta caddaanka ah. Pilbara waxay heshay Altura sanadka 2021 waxayna u magacawday mashruuca Ngungaju, iyada oo qorshaynaysa in ay dib u bilawdo wejiyaal. Saddex sano oo ay shaqaynaysay ka dib, hadda waxa lagu wadaa in la xidho si loo dayactiro. Marka laga reebo kharashaadka sare, go'aankani wuxuu ka tarjumayaa hoos u dhac firfircoon oo wax soo saar iyo kharashyo ah marka loo eego qiimaha lithium-ka hooseeya ee la aasaasay. Isu-dheellitirka u dhexeeya qiimaha lithium-ka iyo sahayda ayaa si deggan isu beddeshay, iyo joogteynta isticmaalka goobta qiimaha waa natiijada miisaamidda faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka.

 

4. Digniinta Khatarta

Koritaanka lama filaanka ah ee joogtada ah ee wax soo saarka iyo iibinta baabuurta tamarta cusub, jarista wax soo saarka miinada ee lama filaanka ah, iyo shilalka deegaanka.

 

III. Codsiyada Nickel iyo Cobalt

Nickel iyo cobalt waxay leeyihiin codsiyo balaadhan oo kala duwan oo ku saabsan warshadaha kala duwan. Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee codsiga:

 

1.Wax-soo-saarka baytariga

 

(1) baytariyada lithium-ion: Nikel iyo cobalt waa qaybaha lagama maarmaanka u ah walxaha cathode ee ku jira baytariyada lithium-ion, oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya (EVs) iyo qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee la qaadi karo sida casriga iyo laptops.

(2)Beteriyada Adag ee GobolkaWalxaha nikkel iyo cobalt waxay kaloo leeyihiin codsiyo suurtagal ah oo ku jira baytariyada adag ee gobolka, kor u qaadaya cufnaanta tamarta iyo badbaadada.

 

 

2. Wax-soo-saarka Alloy

 

(1) Bir aan lahayn: Nikkel waa shay muhiim u ah soo saarista birta aan-xawaalka ahayn, taasoo hagaajinaysa caabbinta daxalka iyo xoogga.

(2)Alloys Heerkulka Sare: Nikel-cobalt Alloys waxaa loo isticmaalaa hawada hawada iyo codsiyada kale ee heerkulka sare sababtoo ah caabbinta kulaylka aadka u fiican iyo xoogga.

 

3. Kataliyeyaal

Kiimikada kiciyaNikkel iyo cobalt waxay u adeegaan sidii kicinta falcelin kiimikaad gaar ah, oo lagu dabaqay sifaynta batroolka iyo isku dhafka kiimikada.

 

4. Korantada

Warshadaha Korantada: Nickel waxaa loo isticmaalaa in electroplating si kor loogu qaado iska caabinta daxalka iyo bilicda ee sagxadaha biraha, si ballaaran loo codsado baabuurta, qalabka guriga, iyo alaabta elektarooniga ah.

 

5. Qalabka Birlabka

Magnets Joogtada ah: Cobalt waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro magnets joogto ah oo tayo sare leh, kuwaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo matoorada, koronto-dhaliyeyaasha, iyo dareemayaasha.

 

6. Qalabka Caafimaadka

Qalabka Caafimaadka: Alloys-ka nickel-cobalt waxaa lagu isticmaalaa qalab caafimaad oo gaar ah si loo hagaajiyo caabbinta daxalka iyo nooleyaasha.

 

7. Tamar Cusub

Tamarta HydrogenNickel iyo cobalt waxay u dhaqmaan sidii kiciyeyaasha tignoolajiyada tamarta hydrogen, fududaynta wax soo saarka hydrogen iyo kaydinta.

 

IV. Codsiga Shaandhooyinka Kala-soocida Ada-Dareere ee Nikelka iyo Habaynta Cobalt

Kala soocida dareeraha adag waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan wax soo saarka nikkel iyo kobalt, gaar ahaan meelaha soo socda:

 

1.Qalabaynta macdanta

(1) Daawaynta ka hor: Inta lagu jiro marxaladda farsamaynta bilawga ah ee nikkel iyo cobalt, filtarrada kala soocida dareeraha adag ayaa loo isticmaalaa si looga saaro wasakhda iyo qoyaanka macdanta, kor u qaadista waxtarka hababka soo saarista xiga.

(2)Xoog-saarid: Tiknoolajiyada kala soocida dareeraha ah ee adag waxay xoogga saari kartaa biraha qiimaha leh ee macdanta, taas oo yareyneysa culeyska sii wadista.

 

2. Habka Leaching

(1) Kala soocida caleenta: Geedi socodka dheecaanka nikkel iyo kobalt, filtarrada kala soocida dareeraha adag ayaa loo shaqeeyaa si ay u kala soocaan caleenta macdanta adag ee aan la milmin, hubinta soo kabashada waxtarka leh ee biraha la soo saaray ee marxaladda dareeraha.

(2)Hagaajinta Heerarka Soo kabashadaKala soocida dareeraha adag ee waxtarka leh waxay kor u qaadi kartaa heerarka soo kabashada ee nikkel iyo kobalt, yaraynta qashinka kheyraadka.

3. Habka Electrowinning

(1) Daaweynta korantada: Inta lagu jiro koronto-guubinta nikkel iyo cobalt, filtarrada kala soocida dareeraha adag ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo elektrolytka, ka saara wasakhda si loo hubiyo xasilloonida habka korantada iyo nadiifnimada alaabta.

(2)Daawaynta dhoobada: Wasaqda ka dhalata ka dib korantada waxaa lagu farsamayn karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo tignoolajiyada kala soocida dareeraha adag si loo soo kabsado biraha qiimaha leh.

 

4. Daaweynta Biyaha wasakhda ah

(1) U Hogaansanaanta DeegaankaHabka wax soo saarka nikkel iyo kobalt, filtarrada kala soocida dareeraha adag waxaa loo isticmaali karaa daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah, ka saara walxaha adag iyo wasakhowga si ay ula kulmaan xeerarka deegaanka.

(2)Soo kabashada Kheyraadka: Iyadoo la daaweynayo biyaha wasakhda ah, biraha waxtarka leh waa la soo celin karaa, taas oo kor u qaadeysa isticmaalka kheyraadka.

 

5. Sifaynta alaabta

Kala soocida Hababka Sifaynta: Inta lagu jiro sifaynta nikkel iyo cobalt, filtarrada kala soocida dareeraha adag ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu kala saaro dareeraha sifaynta iyo wasakhda adag, hubinta tayada alaabta ugu dambeysa.

 

 

 

6. Hal-abuurka Farsamada

Tiknoolajiyada Sifeynta Soo baxaya: Warshadaha ayaa diiradda saaraya teknoolajiyada cusub ee dareeraha adag, sida sifaynta xuubka iyo ultrafiltration, taas oo hagaajin karta waxtarka kala-soocidda waxayna yareyn kartaa isticmaalka tamarta.

 

V. Hordhaca Vithy Filters

Dhinaca sifaynta is-nadiifinta saxda ah ee saxda ah, Vithy waxay bixisaa alaabtan soo socota:

 

1. Shaandheeyaha Kartoonka-yar-yar 

lRange Micron: 0.1-100 micron

lKala shaandheynta walxaha: Caag (UHMWPE / PA / PTFE) kartoonada la shiiday ee budada ah; bir (SS316L/Titanium) kartoon sinteed budada ah

lAstaamaha: Is-nadiifin toos ah, soo kabashada keega shaandhaynta, fiirsashada slurry